Intelligence has played an important role in the exercise of the responsibilities and operations of the Treasury Department since the Department assumed its enforcement responsibilities in 1789. The mission and culture of Treasury’s Office of Intelligence and Analysis builds on this strong tradition of intelligence and national security at the Department.
Intelligence at the Treasury
The Department of the Treasury’s earliest intelligence efforts were exclusively focused on law enforcement with the establishment of criminal intelligence functions within the U.S. Coast Guard and the Internal Revenue Service, which sought to collect and analyze information in support of Treasury’s domestic law enforcement functions. In 1961, the Department established its first foreign intelligence capability, the Office of National Security (ONS), which was charged by Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon to connect the Treasury Department with the broader efforts of the National Security Council.
In 1977, ONS was overhauled and renamed the Office of Intelligence Support (OIS) by Treasury Secretary Michael Blumenthal and Treasury’s place in the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) formalized on December 4th 1981, under Executive Order 12333, United States Intelligence Activities, by President Ronald Reagan. Finally, in late 2003, Treasury’s intelligence mission and needs were recognized in the Intelligence Authorization Act of 2004 (31 U.S.C. sec. 312), which established OIA.
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